algorithm for connected component:

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Use stack

Breadth-first Search (BFS)

Use Queue

1. Enqueue the root node
2. Dequeue a node and examine it
   • If the element sought is found in this node, quit the search and return a result.
   • Otherwise enqueue any successors (the direct child nodes) that have not yet been discovered.
3. If the queue is empty, every node on the graph has been examined – quit the search and return “not found”.
4. If the queue is not empty, repeat from Step 2.

Pseudocode:

1  procedure BFS(G,v):
2      create a queue Q
3      enqueue v onto Q
4      mark v
5      while Q is not empty:
6          t ← Q.dequeue()
7          if t is what we are looking for:
8              return t
9          for all edges e in G.adjacentEdges(t) do
12             u ← G.adjacentVertex(t,e)
13             if u is not marked:
14                  mark u
15                  enqueue u onto Q
16     return none