my_variable=10

_a = 1

print my_int
print("%.2f" % total)
print "MOnty" + " " + "fsd"
print "fdsf \%\s , \%\s" % (str1, str2)

from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
now.year, now.month, now.day/hour/minute/second

today = datetime.date.today()
today - datetime.timedelta(days=today.weekday())

import time
time.time()

if 8<9 :
	print
elif 8>9:
	print
else:
	print

print "Hello" if True else "World"

x = 3 if (y == 1) else 2
x = ((y == 1) ? 3 : 2)

def fun(bill, param2):
	bill*=1.08
	print bill
	return bill

import math
math.sqrt(25)
from module import function
from module import *

import math
everything = dir(math)
print everything

book="book"
\'
"MONTY"[4]
'='*10

name= [one.strip('"') for one in f.readline().split(",")]

ord(char)

string[::-1]
string[begin:end:step]

x = bin(30)[2:]
int(x, 2)

a = r'\documentclass{article}'

teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]
print ", ".join(teams)
>>> 'Packers, 49ers, Ravens, Patriots'

len()
parrot.lower()
parrot.upper()
str()

import itertools
x = list(itertools.permutations([1,2,3]))
list(itertools.product(*index))

for x in range(10):
	tmp=stat
	break
else:
	bla

while true:
	statement
	break

if true :
	statement

int()
float()

f=open('e11.txt', 'r')
f.seek()
f.readline()
f.read()
for line in f:
	print line
else:
	bla
f.close()

with open('foo') as myfile:
    print myfile.closed

file = open(yourfile, 'a')
file.write(string)
file.close()

list.sort()
mydict = {'a': 1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
sorted(.., key = lambda key: mydict[key])
number = ''.join(sorted(hand[0:14:3], key = carddict.get))

sorted[(a, b)]

list.sort(lambda x, y: cmp(x[1], y[1]))
list.sort(key = lambda x:x[1], reverse = True)

def area2(a, b, c):
ax, ay = a
bx, by = b
cx, cy = c
return (bx - ax)*(cy - ay) - (cx - ax)*(by - ay)

range(10)
range(3, 10, 2)
list()
x.append(xn)
x[-1] : last one
x[-2] : second to last

if x in prime

a = ("a", 'b')

list(set(x))

#
"""fsafdaf"""

sum

x = [[foo for i in range(10)] for j in range(10)]
prime= [x for x in range(2,200) if not [t for t in range(2,int(math.sqrt(x))+1) if not x%t]]
factors = [ x for x in range(2, n) if not n%x]

sum([int(one) for one in str(number)])

M-x list-package

import pylab
x = numpy.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
pylab.plot(x, f(x), result, pow3(result), 'ro')
pylab.grid(b = 1)
pylab.show()

easy_install rpy2
import rpy2.robjects as robjects
r = robjects.r
dnorm = r.dnorm

res = robjects.StrVector(['abc', 'def'])
res = robjects.IntVector([1, 2, 3])
res = robjects.FloatVector([1.1, 2.2, 3.3])

dnorm(res)

x, y = y, x

if 3 > x > 1:

nfc = ["Packers", "49ers"]
afc = ["Ravens", "Patriots"]
for teama, teamb in zip(nfc, afc):
	print teama + " vs. " + teamb
>>>; Packers vs. Ravens
>>>; 49ers vs. Patriots

teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]
for index, team in enumerate(teams):
	print index, team
>>> 0 Packers
>>> 1 49ers
>>> 2 Ravens
>>> 3 Patriots

teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]
print {key: value for value, key in enumerate(teams)}
>>> {'49ers': 1, 'Ravens': 2, 'Patriots': 3, 'Packers': 0}

teams['49ers']

dict.keys()

dict.items()
for key, value in dict.items():

item = [0]*3  # [0, 0, 0]

x[:3] # first three
x[3:] # last three
x[::2] # odds item
x[1::2] # even item

from collections import Counter
print Counter("hello")
>>> Counter({'l': 2, 'h': 1, 'e': 1, 'o': 1})

from itertools import combinations
teams = ["Packers", "49ers", "Ravens", "Patriots"]
for game in combinations(teams, 2):
print game
>>> ('Packers', '49ers')
>>> ('Packers', 'Ravens')
>>> ('Packers', 'Patriots')
>>> ('49ers', 'Ravens')
>>> ('49ers', 'Patriots')
>>> ('Ravens', 'Patriots')

"fizz"[x%3*4::]

import numpy as np

c = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4],[4, 5, 6, 7], [7, 8, 9, 10]])

c.shape

c.shape = 4, 3
c.shape = 2, -1 # auto change col dim
d = c.reshape((2, 2))

>>> np.arange(0,1,0.1)
array([ 0. ,  0.1,  0.2,  0.3,  0.4,  0.5,  0.6,  0.7,  0.8,  0.9])

np.linspace(0, 1, 12)

np.logspace(0, 2, 20)

a[4:, 4:]

np.append([2], primes)

import numpy as np
persontype = np.dtype({
'names':['name', 'age', 'weight'],
'formats':['S32','i', 'f']})
a = np.array([("Zhang",32,75.5),("Wang",24,65.2)],
dtype=persontype)

np.sin(x)
np.sin(x, x)
np.add
subtract
multiply
divide
truedivide
floor divide
negative
power
remainder/mod
np.cumsum

add.reduce
add.accumulate(, axis = )

np.multiply.outer([1,2,3,4,5],[2,3,4])
array([[ 2,  3,  4],
   [ 4,  6,  8],
   [ 6,  9, 12],
   [ 8, 12, 16],
   [10, 15, 20]])

a = np.matrix
a**-1
np.dot(a, b)
np.alltrue
np.inner
np.outer
np.random.rand(10, 10)
np.linalg.solve(a, b)

from scipy.optimize import leastsq
import numpy as np
import math
def res(p, y, x):
theta0, theta1 = p
return y - theta0*math.e**(-theta1*x)
x = np.arange(1, 8)
y = [0.1024,0.08471,0.07525,0.06275,0.06131,0.06047,0.05736]
from scipy.optimize import leastsq
p0 = [0.1, 0]
plsq = leastsq(res, p0, args = (y, x))
print plsq[0]

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def pevel(x, p):
return p[0]*math.e**(-p[1]*x)
plt.plot(x, pevel(x, plsq[0]), x, y)
plt.legend(['ft', 'true'])
plt.show()

from scipy.optimize import fsolve
pow3 = lambda x : x**3
result = fsolve(pow3, 10) # starting point

from scipy import interpolate
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi+np.pi/4, 10)
y = np.sin(x)
x_new = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi+np.pi/4, 100)
f_linear = interpolate.interp1d(x, y)
tck = interpolate.splrep(x, y)
y_bspline = interpolate.splev(x_new, tck)

pl.plot(x, y, "o",  label=u"原始数据")
pl.plot(x_new, f_linear(x_new), label=u"线性插值")
pl.plot(x_new, y_bspline, label=u"B-spline插值")
pl.legend()
pl.show()

np.trapz
from scipy import integrate
integrate.quad


import PIL
im = Image.open("lena.png")
im.show()
im.size
im.getpixel()

import pickle
pickle.load(f)

#define function in variable then call
g = lambda x: x*2
g(3)
skip variable, just call
(lambda x: x*2)(3)

import random
random.randint(a, b)
import numpy.random
npr.random_integers # much faster than random module
x = range(5)
random.shuffle(x)

def primesfrom2to(n):
""" Input n>=6, Returns a array of primes, 2 <= p < n """
sieve = np.ones(n/3 + (n%6==2), dtype=np.bool)
for i in xrange(1,int(n**0.5)/3+1):
    if sieve[i]:
        k=3*i+1|1
        sieve[       k*k/3     ::2*k] = False
        sieve[k*(k-2*(i&1)+4)/3::2*k] = False
return np.r_[2,3,((3*np.nonzero(sieve)[0][1:]+1)|1)]

import re
p = re.compile('ab*')
m = p.match()
m = p.search()
findall()
finditer()

m.group(): return string
m.start():
end()
span():
for match in p.finditer():
    print match.start()

split()
sub()
re.sub(' +', ' ', str)

def div():
""" divide store by operand"""
global store
store = store / operand
output()

def enter(t):
   """ enter a new operand"""
   global operand
   operand = int(t)
   output()
f = simplegui.create_frame("Calculator",300,300)
f.add_button("Print", output, 100)
f.add_input("Enter", enter, 100)

# define draw handler
def draw(canvas):
canvas.draw_text("Hello!",[100, 100], 24, "White")
canvas.draw_circle([100, 100], 2, 2, "Red")

# create frame
frame = simplegui.create_frame("Text drawing", 300, 200)

# register draw handler
frame.set\_draw\_handler(draw)

timer1 = simplegui.create_timer(itnerval, handler)
timer1.start()

def keydown(key):
    current = chr(key)
	if key == simplegui.KEY_MAP["left"] # "right", "down", "up"
f.set\_keydown\_handler(keydown)
f.set\_keyup\_handler(keyup)

def mouseclick\_handler(position):  # position: (x, y)

frame.set\_mouseclick\_handler(click)

im = simplegui.load_image(URL)
canvas.draw_image(im, center, size)

music.play()
music.pause()
music.rewind()
music = simplegui.load_sound(url)
music.set_volume(num)

class Character: # capitalize
	def __init__(self, name, init_heal):
		self.name = name
		self.health = init_heal
		self.inventory = []  # no need to return anything
	def __str__(self):
		s  = "Name: " + self.name
		s += " Health: " + str(self.health)
		return s
	def grab(self, item):
		self.inventory.append(item)
	def get_health(self):
		return self.health

me = Character("Bob", 20)
print str(me)
me.grab("pencil")
print str(me)

owd = os.getcwd()
os.chdir(testDir)
os.chdir(owd)

import os
if __name__ == "__main__":
	...

python yourfile.py

#!/usr/bin/python
#!/usr/bin/env python

sys.exit('error message!')

from pylab import *

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = linspace(0, 5, 10)
y = x ** 2
figure()
plot(x, y, 'r')
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')
title('title')
show()

subplot(1, 2, 1)
plot(x, y, 'r--') # red , dashed
subplot(1, 2, 2)
plot(y, x, 'g*-');

fig, axes = plt.subplots()

axes.plot(x, y, 'r')
axes.set_xlabel('x')
axes.set_ylabel('y')
axes.set_title('title');

fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2)

for ax in axes:
	ax.plot(x, y, 'r')
	ax.set_xlabel('x')
	ax.set_ylabel('y')
	ax.set_title('title')

fig.tight_layout()

fig = plt.figure()
axes = fig.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1]) # left, bottom, width, height (range 0 to 1)
axes.plot(x, y, 'r')
axes.set_xlabel('x')
axes.set_ylabel('y')
axes.set_title('title')

fig = plt.figure()

axes1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) # main axes
axes2 = fig.add_axes([0.2, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3]) # inset axes

# main figure
axes1.plot(x, y, 'r')
axes1.set_xlabel('x')
axes1.set_ylabel('y')
axes1.set_title('title')

# insert
axes2.plot(y, x, 'g')
axes2.set_xlabel('y')
axes2.set_ylabel('x')
axes2.set_title('insert title');

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,4), dpi=100)

fig.savefig("filename.png", dpi=200)

ax.legend(["curve1", "curve2"])

ax.plot(x, x**2, label = "curve1")
ax.plot(x, x**2, label = "curve2")
ax.legend()

ax.legend(loc = 0) # auto
ax.legend(loc = 1) # upper right, 2 = upper left , 3 = lower left , 4 = lower right

label=r"$y = \alpha^2$"
ax.set_ylabel(r'$y$', fontsize=18)

matplotlib.rcParams.update({'font.size': 18, 'font.family': 'serif'})

# MATLAB style line color and style
ax.plot(x, x**2, 'b.-') # blue line with dots
ax.plot(x, x**3, 'g--') # green dashed line
ax.plot(x, x+1, color="red", alpha=0.5) # half-transparant red
ax.plot(x, x+2, color="#1155dd")        # RGB hex code for a bluish color
ax.plot(x, x+3, color="#15cc55")        # RGB hex code for a greenish color

# possible linestype options ‘-‘, ‘–’, ‘-.’, ‘:’, ‘steps’
ax.plot(x, x+5, color="red", lw=2, linestyle='-')
ax.plot(x, x+6, color="red", lw=2, ls='-.')
ax.plot(x, x+7, color="red", lw=2, ls=':')

# possible marker symbols: marker = '+', 'o', '*', 's', ',', '.', '1', '2', '3', '4', ...
ax.plot(x, x+ 9, color="green", lw=2, ls='*', marker='+')
ax.plot(x, x+10, color="green", lw=2, ls='*', marker='o')
ax.plot(x, x+11, color="green", lw=2, ls='*', marker='s')
ax.plot(x, x+12, color="green", lw=2, ls='*', marker='1')

# marker size and color
ax.plot(x, x+13, color="purple", lw=1, ls='-', marker='o', markersize=2)
ax.plot(x, x+14, color="purple", lw=1, ls='-', marker='o', markersize=4)
ax.plot(x, x+15, color="purple", lw=1, ls='-', marker='o', markersize=8, markerfacecolor="red")
ax.plot(x, x+16, color="purple", lw=1, ls='-', marker='s', markersize=8,

axe.set_ylim([0, 50])

axis('tight')

axe.set_yscale("log")

axe.grid(True)
axes[1].grid(color='b', alpha=0.5, linestyle='dashed', linewidth=0.5)

axes[0].scatter(xx, xx + 0.25*randn(len(xx)))

axes[1].step(n, n**2, lw=2)

axes[2].bar(n, n**2, align="center", width=0.5, alpha=0.5)

axes[3].fill_between(x, x**2, x**3, color="green", alpha=0.5);

import smtplib

def sendemail(from_addr, to_addr_list, cc_addr_list,
          subject, message,
          login, password,
          smtpserver='smtp.gmail.com:587'):
header  = 'From: %s\n' % from_addr
header += 'To: %s\n' % ','.join(to_addr_list)
header += 'Cc: %s\n' % ','.join(cc_addr_list)
header += 'Subject: %s\n\n' % subject
message = header + message

server = smtplib.SMTP(smtpserver)
server.starttls()
server.login(login,password)
problems = server.sendmail(from_addr, to_addr_list, message)
server.quit()
return problems

sendemail(from_addr    = 'python@RC.net',
      to_addr_list = ['RC@gmail.com'],
      cc_addr_list = ['RC@xx.co.uk'],
      subject      = 'Howdy',
      message      = 'Howdy from a python function',
      login        = 'pythonuser',
      password     = 'XXXXX')

print a.encode('utf-8')